Sunday, December 16, 2012

Theoretical Perspectives on Ageism

Functionalism
   Functionalists believe elderly people are treated according to the role of aged play in their society. In many societies, ageism is not an issue. Elderly people are treated with great respect and honor in most societies. In agricultural societies, elderly men play important roles, such as priest or elder. In early colonial America, no stigma was attached to age. It was believed God looked with favor on those who reached old age. In the 1600s, people wore clothing that made them appear older.
   Attitudes about aging have changed greatly as industrialization changed the nature of work. It is believed that younger workers are more likely to possess the current skills needed in the workplace. Older people lack the wisdom that is now highly valued.
   The loss of status with older age may be to blame for the increase in suicide rates for men of retirement age.  Men are believed to be strong with work, and retirement denies them that value.

Conflict Theory
   Conflict theorists believe competition for scarce resources is to blame for ageism. Elderly people compete with other age groups for economic resources and power. In preindustrial societies, all hands were utilized. So, elderly got a fair share of the resources. The elderly are believed to to have valuable knowledge about practices and history.
   In industrial societies, however, there are often more workers than necessary. These societies replace elderly workers, who cost more, with younger ones. Forced retirement is one of the ways the more powerful age groups remove elderly competitors. Dominant groups use discrimination as their weapon. Older people are often stereotyped as intellectually dull, close-minded, and unproductive. Because of these stereotypes, young workers force retirement and are able to find jobs easier.

Symbolic Interactionism
   Ageism is created from negative stereotypes. Symbolic interactionists believe children learn negative images of older people. Negative images of older people have been observed in children as young as three. Stereotypes of older people are inaccurate. Many elderly are not senile, or forgetful. Most elderly are able to learn new things or adapt to change.

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